The samurai, the warrior class of feudal Japan, lived by a strict code of conduct known as Bushido, or “the way of the warrior.” This code dictated their behavior, both in and out of combat, and emphasized virtues such as loyalty, honor, and discipline.
There were many practices and activities that samurai were explicitly prohibited from doing, as these were seen as dishonorable or detrimental to their role as elite warriors.
These prohibitions reflect the high standards and strict discipline that governed the lives of samurai. Adherence to the Bushido code was essential for maintaining the honor and integrity of the warrior class, ensuring they remained exemplary figures in Japanese society.
1. Engaging in Trade
Samurai were forbidden from engaging in trade or any form of commercial activity. This prohibition was in place because trade was considered beneath the warrior class, whose primary role was to serve their lord and train in martial skills.
2. Displaying Cowardice
Cowardice was one of the gravest offenses for a samurai. They were expected to face death fearlessly and to never show any sign of fear in battle. Fleeing from combat or surrendering was considered extremely dishonorable.
3. Disrespecting Superiors
Showing disrespect to superiors, whether in words or actions, was strictly prohibited. Samurai were expected to demonstrate utmost respect and loyalty to their lords and those above them in rank.
4. Ignoring Duty
A samurai’s duty to their lord and clan was paramount. Ignoring or shirking this duty was considered a severe breach of the Bushido code and could lead to harsh punishment, including seppuku (ritual suicide).
5. Committing Theft
Theft was viewed as a dishonorable act unbecoming of a samurai. They were expected to live honorably and justly, and stealing was seen as a betrayal of these principles.
6. Drinking Excessively
While samurai could drink alcohol, excessive drinking was frowned upon. It was believed that overindulgence in alcohol could lead to a loss of self-control and dignity, which were essential qualities for a samurai.
7. Practicing Deceit
Honesty and integrity were key virtues of the Bushido code. Samurai were prohibited from lying or engaging in deceitful practices, as these actions would tarnish their honor and reputation.
8. Failing to Care for Weapons
A samurai’s weapons, particularly their sword, were considered extensions of themselves. They were expected to maintain their weapons meticulously. Neglecting one’s weapon was seen as a sign of disrespect and carelessness.
9. Disregarding Personal Hygiene
Personal hygiene and appearance were important aspects of a samurai’s discipline. They were expected to maintain a clean and presentable appearance at all times, reflecting their inner order and discipline.
10. Acting Arrogantly
Arrogance and boasting were discouraged among samurai. Humility was a valued trait, and samurai were expected to conduct themselves with modesty and restraint, regardless of their accomplishments.
11. Participating in Gambling
Gambling was considered a vice that could lead to dishonorable behavior and financial ruin. Samurai were discouraged from engaging in gambling activities to maintain their focus and discipline.
12. Neglecting Martial Training
Continuous training in martial arts and combat skills was essential for samurai. Neglecting their training was viewed as negligence of their primary duty and could result in them being unprepared for battle.
13. Abandoning One’s Post
Leaving one’s post or abandoning one’s duty during a mission or in battle was considered a severe act of cowardice and betrayal. Samurai were expected to remain steadfast and committed, regardless of the circumstances.
14. Disobeying Orders
Obedience to one’s lord and superiors was a fundamental principle of the Bushido code. Disobeying orders was seen as a direct challenge to the hierarchical structure and could result in severe consequences.